Medicine for dummies

Eye injury sustained while fishing from a fishing hook. Yes, those kind of injuries happens commonly among fisherman. Many fishing hooks have barbs that make them difficult to remove if they embed in an eye. If one do catch a hook in the eye, it is important not to try to remove it yourself, as you may cause more damage. Fish hook injuries most commonly occur in the hand. The standard method used to remove them from this site is to push the barb out through the skin,snip it off ,and then rotate the shaft backwards along the entry path. If the hook is simply dragged backwards with the barb in situ it produces much greater soft tissue damage. Good vision is usually restored without complications, and wearing proper eye protection is advised.

Synonyms Brittle bone disease. Lobstein syndrome. fragilitas ossium. Vrolik disease. Characteristically blue sclerae of patient with osteogenesis imperfecta. The classic blue sclerae of a person with osteogenesis imperfecta medical genetics osteology Symptoms Bones that break easily. blue tinge to the whites of the eye, short height. loose joints. hearing loss. Duration Long term CausesGenetic (autosomal dominant, new mutation) Diagnostic method Based on symptoms. DNA testing. Treatment Healthy lifestyle (exercise, no smoking), metal rods through the long bones PrognosisDepends on the type Frequency1 in 15,000 people Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), also known as brittle bone disease, is a group of genetic disorders that mainly affect the bones. It results in bones that break easily. The severity may be mild to severe.Other symptoms may include a blue tinge to the whites of the eye, short height, loose joints, hearing loss, breathing problems, and problems with...

cause any symptoms Congenital melanocytic naevi are usually asymptomatic, however, some may be itchy, particularly larger lesions. It is thought there may be reduced function of sebaceous (oil) and eccrine (sweat) glands, which may result in skin dryness and a heightened sensation of itch. The overlying skin may become fragile and erode or ulcerate. Deep nests of melanocytes in the dermis may weaken the bonds between the epidermis and the dermis and account for skin fragility. Congenital melanocytic naevi are often unsightly, especially when extensive, ie large or giant congenital melanocytic naevi. They may therefore result in anxiety and impaired self image, especially when the lesions are in visible areas. Giant melanocytic naevi, and to a lesser degree small lesions, are associated with increased risk of developing cutaneous melanoma, neurocutaneous melanoma and rarely other tumours (see below). causes congenital melanocytic naevi . Congenital melanocytic naevi are caused by ...

Waardenburg syndrome is a genetic disorder that may be evident at birth (congenital). The range and severity of associated symptoms and findings may vary greatly from case to case. However, primary features often include distinctive facial abnormalities; unusually diminished coloration (pigmentation) of the hair, the skin, and/or the iris of both eyes (irides); and/or congenital deafness. More specifically, some affected individuals may have an unusually wide nasal bridge due to sideways (lateral) displacement of the inner angles (canthi) of the eyes (dystopia canthorum). In addition, pigmentary abnormalities may include a white lock of hair growing above the forehead (white forelock); premature graying or whitening of the hair; differences in the coloration of the two irides or in different regions of the same iris (heterochromia irides); and/or patchy, abnormally light (depigmented) regions of skin (leukoderma). Some affected individuals may also have hearing impairment due to abnor...

Hand VS. Grenade. This patient was rushed to the hospital. The incidence occurred in close proximity to the patient, who suffer large lacerations and comminuted fractures but fortunately some vital structures remained intact, leaving the possibility of reconstruction still available to save his hand. Hand grenade blast injuries can cause singular or multiple organ injuries, they are complex to approach and involves various surgical disciplines and extensive radiographic imaging to identify the extent of the damage. This emergency situation is dealt by stabilizing the patients vital signs followed by an extensive reconstructive surgery to allow the patient to regain a proper range of motion, either partial or full.

Sub-cranial EEG sensors in direct contact with the brain in order to allow paralysed individuals to direct prosthetic limbs using their mind! This procedure involves the placement of strips or grids of electrodes directly over the surface of the brain or implantation of depth electrodes directly into brain structures which is helpful for more precisely localizing seizure activity that has been identified with scalp EEG recordings. The implanted EEG electrodes can also be used to stimulate the brain and map cortical and subcortical neurologic functions, such as motor or language function, eventually allowing paralyzed patients to move their prosthetic limb as if it was their own

cardiac tamponade, a fatal condition, in which pericardial fluid or blood accumulates under high pressure, compresses the cardiac chambers, and severely limits filling of the heart. As a result, ventricular filling is reduced. Ventricular stroke volume and cardiac output also decline, potentially leading to pulmonary edema, hypotensive shock and death. The picture shows the sac open and the heart covered with a huge blood clot. This can happen secondary to a blunt or penetrating chest trauma, after rupture of the LV wall following MI, or as a complication of a dissecting aortic aneurysm. Echocardiography diagnoses a tamponade fairly quick and surgical removal of the pericardial fluid is the only intervention that reverses the life-threatening condition. This can go the open way or by performing pericardiocentesis in the cardiac catheterization laboratory.

necrotizing fasciitis and got the famous title of a "flesh-eating infection/bacteria"! Typically the infection enters the body through a break in the skin such as a cut or burn. Unlike cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis involves the deeper layers of tissue down to the deep fascia and it is caused by anaerobic bacteria or group A streptococci. Clinical manifestations include fever with an area of erythema. If not treated, the tissue begins to turn gray/black (seen on the top photo). It spreads quickly and aggressively from the primary  infected area and beyond and can result in amputation, shock, and death if not treated by a combination of surgical exploration and debridement (removing the dead tissue - bottom left photo) with IV antibiotics. This patient had undergone a fasciotomy, a limb-saving procedure where the fascia was cut to relieve tension or pressure of the underlying tissue due to extensive necrosis.

Here's a liver with macronodular cirrhosis being observed in a surgery. Liver cirrhosis is an end result of an underlying pathology. It develops when scar tissue replaces the normal, healthy tissue of the  liver. Notice the large nodules separated by wider scars are irregularly distributed throughout the liver, which occurs  usually due to an infectious agent such as viral hepatitis which does not diffuse uniformly throughout the liver. Usually, such liver damage cannot be reversed, but treatment can delay further progression and reduce complications. Liver transplantation is necessary when complications develop and liver cease to function.

A test of Allen negative in all its splendor. The Allen Test, is part of the previous and mandatory procedure to perform a puncture of the radial artery. Sustained pressure is exerted both on the radial and ulnar artery, the hand will become pale, after which we remove the fingers that press on the ulnar artery: it is positive when recovering the color of the hand in at least 7 seconds, doubtful 8-14 secs and negative (as in the picture)> to 15 seconds. This indicates a poor circulation provided by the ulnar artery, which in case of puncture of the radial rupture, would leave us without irrigation to the involved hand.